INTEGRATED LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT AND LIFE CYCLE COST ASSESSMENT OF PALM OIL MILL EFFLUENT BIOGAS UTILIZATION FOR ALTERNATIVE ENERGY IN ACHIEVING DECARBONIZATION AND SUSTAINABILITY

POME is a source of emissions that impact the environment, particularly as a source of greenhouse gas emissions, eutrophication, and acidification. On the other hand, pome has the potential to be used as a new and renewable energy source, as well as reducing environmental impact through the use of biogas with methane capture technologies. This study aims to analyse the environmental and economic aspects of pome utilization in four schemes, namely co-firing, electricity bio-CNG as a substitute for gasoline, and bio-CNG as a substitute for LPG. The study was conducted at three palm oil mills in Riau. The integration of the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and Life Cycle Cost Analysis (LCCA) methods was used in this study. The results show that methane capture technology can significantly reduce the impact on the environment, especially in reducing emissions per ton of pome to carbon emissions 481.25-1,045 kg CO₂eq, eutrophication 4.91 kg PO₄, aquatic acidification 2.12-21.4 SO₂eq; terrestrial acidification 2.1-217 SO₂eq, respiratory organics 0.26 kg C₂H₄ eq, and respiratory inorganics 0.17 PM _2.5eq.  The LCCA values for each scheme are IDR 26.55 billion (cofiring), IDR 81.84 billion (electricity), IDR 253.10 billion (Bio CNG gasoline substitute), and IDR 165.25 billion (bio CNG LPG substitute). The integration of LCA and LCCA shows that the costs required to reduce each emission are IDR 169-372 per kg CO2eq; IDR 26,939-35,919 per kg PO₄; IDR 61,922 – 82,351 per kg SO₂; IDR 667.05-44,419 per g C₂H₄eq; and IDR 792,94 -1.062.50 per g PM2.5eq. Cofiring is a low-carbon and low-cost option for internal decarbonization of palm oil mills. On the other hand, the development of bio-CNG is more suitable for external fuel substitution and long-term strategies towards carbon neutrality in the transportation and industrial sectors for the development of new renewable energy.