Articles
DOI DOI: 10.62441/actainnovations.v63i.1101

DEVELOPMENT AND PROTOCOL OF “SI KUMBANG”: A STRUCTURED MODERATE-INTENSITY AEROBIC EXERCISE PROGRAM FOR OLDER ADULTS IN INDONESIA

Umi Sjarqiah1, Nury Nusdwinuringtyas 2, Nani Cahyani Sudarsono 3, Evy Yunihastuti4, Ikhwan Rinaldi 5, Aulia Rizka 6, Maria Regina Rachmawati 7, Ruliando Hasea Purba8, Siti Chandra Widjanantie 9, Muhammad Syauqi Ridhallah10, Muhammad Jalaluddin Rumi
  1. 1 Doctoral Program in Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.
  2. 2 Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, PELNI Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia.
  3. 3 Department of Community Medicine and Center for Sport and Exercise Studies, Indonesia Medical Education and Research Institute (IMERI), Jakarta, Indonesia.
  4. 4 Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia - Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital (RSCM), Jakarta, Indonesia.
  5. 5 Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia - Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital (RSCM), Jakarta, Indonesia.
  6. 6 Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia - Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital (RSCM), Jakarta, Indonesia.
  7. 7 Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Gunadarma, Jakarta, Indonesia.
  8. 8 Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Negeri Jakarta, Jakarta, Indonesia.
  9. 9 Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Persahabatan Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia.
  10. 10 Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia.

Abstract

Population ageing is accelerating globally, and frailty is a major ageing-related condition that contributes to declines in physical performance and immune resilience in older adults. Regular moderate-intensity aerobic exercise is an important preventive strategy; however, programs must be enjoyable, feasible, and safe to support adherence in community settings. To describe the development and detailed protocol of Si Kumbang (Sehat Indonesia Kuat dan Seimbang), a structured moderate-intensity aerobic exercise program for community-dwelling older adults in Indonesia, and to summarize expert content validation and pilot findings. This intervention development study followed established reporting frameworks to improve intervention replicability (CERT and TIDieR). Si Kumbang was developed by adapting Indonesian Poco-poco–style four-direction stepping and integrating elements of a commonly used older-adult exercise program. Sessions were standardized into warm-up, core training, and cool-down, aligned with FITT principles, delivered with a defined music tempo (120–130 beats/minute) to support moderate intensity, and included selected upper-extremity movements with 0.5-kg dumbbells. Content validation was conducted with five experts (2 Rehabilitation Medicine clinicians, 2 exercise/sports expert, and 1 aerobics instructor) using a 12-item, 4-point rating form (1=not appropriate to 4=very appropriate) and thematic analysis of qualitative feedback. Experts rated Si Kumbang highly, and all items met acceptability criteria, indicating excellent content validity and feasibility (overall mean 3.65 [SD 0.48]; 65.0% rated 4; I-CVI = 1.00 for all 12 items; S-CVI/Ave = 1.00). Expert-informed refinements were incorporated into the final protocol, including clearer intensity-monitoring guidance (Borg RPE/Talk Test), turning/ rotation safety cues and modification options, dumbbell progression rules, explicit stop criteria, and standardized instructor cueing and spacing recommendations. Si Kumbang is a culturally grounded, structured moderate-intensity aerobic exercise protocol with excellent expert-supported content validity.

How to Cite

Sjarqiah, U., Nusdwinuringtyas , N., Sudarsono , N. C., Yunihastuti, E., Rinaldi , I., Rizka , A., … Rumi , M. J. (2026). DEVELOPMENT AND PROTOCOL OF “SI KUMBANG”: A STRUCTURED MODERATE-INTENSITY AEROBIC EXERCISE PROGRAM FOR OLDER ADULTS IN INDONESIA. ACTA INNOVATIONS, 63, 326–334. https://doi.org/10.62441/actainnovations.v63i.1101
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